What is the earliest known writing on dramatic theory?

The earliest known writing on dramatic theory is Aristotle's Poetics. In this seminal work, Aristotle lays the foundation for literary criticism and drama by systematically analyzing the elements of tragedy and epic poetry. He discusses concepts such as plot structure, characterization, and the role of catharsis, which refers to the emotional release experienced by audiences. Aristotle's insights have had a lasting impact on the development of Western drama and literature, influencing playwrights and theorists for centuries.

In contrast, while Hamlet and Shakespeare's Comedies are significant works of literature, they are products of dramatic art rather than theoretical texts that analyze the craft. The Republic, written by Plato, includes discussions on a variety of topics, including poetry and art, but it does not focus specifically on dramatic theory as Aristotle does. Thus, Aristotle's Poetics remains the foundational text in the study of dramatic theory.