Which of the following motivations is included in the uses and gratifications model?

The uses and gratifications model focuses on how individuals actively seek out media to satisfy specific needs and desires. One of the key motivations outlined in this model is the reinforcement of behaviors and beliefs. This means that audiences use media not just for entertainment or information but to validate their existing viewpoints and reinforce their beliefs, shaping their understanding of themselves and the world around them.

This motivation recognizes that individuals have a tendency to engage with media that aligns with their preconceived notions, providing a psychological comfort to support their existing attitudes or behaviors. Thus, when people consume media, they may do so to find confirmation of their own thoughts, fostering a sense of affirmation in their beliefs.

The other motivations listed, while they have relevance in media consumption, do not directly align with the established motivations within the uses and gratifications model in the same way that the reinforcement of behaviors and beliefs does.