Which theory suggests that individuals may not express opinions that differ from perceived majority views?

The spiral of silence theory posits that individuals are likely to remain silent when they believe their views are in the minority, fearing social isolation or backlash. This theory emphasizes the role of perceived public opinion in shaping individual expression. When a person senses that the prevailing opinion differs from their own, they may choose not to voice their dissenting views. This phenomenon occurs in various contexts, including social situations, politics, and media discussions. It highlights the relationship between personal beliefs, the social environment, and the fear of social rejection, which can lead to a silencing effect within communities.

The other theories mentioned focus on different concepts. Confirmation bias involves the tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs, social proof theory pertains to the influence of others’ actions on personal behavior, and cognitive dissonance refers to the mental discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes. Each of these theories addresses specific aspects of cognition and social interaction but does not encapsulate the dynamics of expressing or withholding opinions based on perceived majority views as the spiral of silence does.